Blame gut bacteria for your compulsive eating, obesity

Worried about your food addiction? Take heart, a team of researchers has identified a specific gut bacteria associated with both mice and human compulsive eating disorder and obesity.

In the research, presented on Thursday at the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies (FENS) Forum 2024, the international team identified bacteria that play a beneficial role in preventing food addiction.

While until now, the mechanisms underlying this behavioural disorder were largely unknown, the new findings, also published in the journal Gut, could be used as potential new treatments for this obesity-related behaviour.

“Potential new treatments could involve using beneficial bacteria and dietary supplementation,” said Rafael Maldonado, from the Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, Spain.

In the study, the team investigated the gut bacteria in mice who were and were not addicted to food.

They found an increase in bacteria belonging to a group called the Proteobacteria phylum and a decrease in bacteria belonging to the Actinobacteria phylum in the food-addicted mice.

These mice also had a decrease in the amount of another type of bacteria called Blautia from the Bacillota phylum.

Similar to the findings in mice, decreases in the Actinobacteria phylum and Blautia were seen among people with addiction to food and increase in the Proteobacteria phylum.

“The findings in both mice and humans suggested that specific microbiota could be protective in preventing food addiction,” said Elena Martin-Garcia, from the varsity.

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/health/blame-gut-bacteria-for-your-compulsive-eating-obesity-634632#goog_rewarded

A playbook to handle gestational diabetes better

Gestational diabetes is a common medical disorder in pregnancy, it reportedly has a global prevalence of 14%.

A new series published in The Lancet on gestational diabetes takes a deep dive into the subject to come up with suggestions for greater focus on the pregnancy-related affliction, and a shift to a holistic life-course approach in its management.

After a series on menopause in March, The Lancet has launched another series that looks at neglected areas of women’s health. This time it deals with gestational diabetes, which refers to hyperglycaemia or high blood sugar levels first diagnosed during pregnancy. A common medical disorder in pregnancy, it reportedly has a global prevalence of 14%. The series offers insights and evidence into pathophysiology, screening, management, and prevention, besides suggesting new models of care that could protect both women and their children.

Age, family history of diabetes, and high BMI are major risk factors, so it comes as no surprise that rates are rising alongside a broader crisis of non-communicable diseases, such as obesity and cardiometabolic disorders, among women of childbearing age. Helmed by an editorial, the series talks of the increased complications associated with gestational diabetes its long term impact on the mother and infant, its rising incidence, the need to detect it earlier than is being done currently, modern treatment methodologies, and the need for a lifestyle approach to prevent the onset of GDM and complications.

Pregnancy complications

Gestational diabetes is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications, but it also threatens serious long-term complications for both mother and baby. Up to 31% of type 2 diabetes cases in parous women are attributable to gestational diabetes. Babies born to women with gestational diabetes are at increased risk not only of short-term perinatal morbidity and mortality but also of long-term complications, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Experts from across the world pitched in as part of the series.

The editorial highlighted, from the research papers in the series, two major barriers to providing appropriate care for these women: first, resources, and second, the isolation of secondary maternal care from primary care, meaning crucial information about a woman’s pregnancy and how it might affect their long-term health is lost. But many other factors probably play into this failure, including a misconceived paternalistic wish to avoid further worrying women, childbearing

mostly happening to young and physically well women for whom the long-term risks of non-communicable diseases might seem too distant, and a health-care ecosystem that prioritises the baby’s health after birth over that of the mother.

The first paper reviews the pathophysiology of glycaemic dysregulation in gestational diabetes pregnancies, and the many maternal, placental, and fetal factors from early to late pregnancy that underlie pregnancy outcomes and programming for the future health of mothers, and offspring exposed to gestational diabetes. The second presents the epidemiology of gestational diabetes (early and late), screening and diagnosis, pregnancy complications, medical and obstetric management, and the health and economic considerations of screening, monitoring, and treating gestational diabetes. The third paper focuses on transforming the current pregnancy-focused approach to a long-term, life-course perspective on gestational diabetes.

Uma Ram, senior obstetrician and gynaecologist and one of the authors, says it is important to focus on the intergenerational impact of gestational diabetes. The Lancet series is helpful in the sense that it is where a call for action emerges.

V. Seshiah a senior diabetologist who is quite a GDM evangelist himself, says he has always recommended early testing of all pregnant women. “We have, in a recent paper, recommended universal screening of all pregnant women during the early weeks of the first trimester. Further, we have proposed a testing strategy that has worked well in India: a two hour postprandial blood sugar level of over 110 mg/dl during the eighth to 10th week of pregnancy can predict the risk of GDM.”

https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/a-playbook-to-handle-gestational-diabetes-better/article68339651.ece

Ovary removal before menopause linked to cognitive impairment, dementia risk

A new study shows that ovary removal before menopause is linked to decreased white matter in the brain later in life.

-A new study examined the brains of females who underwent full ovary removal before going through menopause.

-Sometimes, females must undergo this type of procedure to treat conditions such as ovarian cancer or endometriosis.

-The study’s findings show that females who undergo ovary removal before menopause have a decrease in white matter in their brains later in life.

-A decrease in white matter is linked to cognitive impairment.

A new study examined the cognitive effects of ovary removal in females.

A researcher with Wake Forest University utilized data from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging to study females who had their ovaries surgically removed before menopause — a procedure called a premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy (PBO).

When a woman undergoes a PBO, this impacts the body’s hormones, which can lead to cognitive impairment such as dementia. The researcher, Professor Michelle Mielke, wanted to see if there was a physiological reason this occurs.

By studying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results from more than 1,000 females, Michelle Marie Mielke, PhD, a professor of epidemiology and prevention at WFU, learned that females who underwent PBOs experienced reduced white matter in multiple parts of their brains.

The findings appear in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association.

What’s the link between ovary removal and cognitive decline?

Human brains consist of two types of brain tissue: gray and white matter. According to the National Library of Medicine, gray matter controls movement, memory, and emotions.

White matter plays a different role in the brain. White matter consists of nerve fibers or axons which allow the brain to process information and send signals to other parts of the brain and the central nervous system.

Both forms of brain matter decrease with age, which can contribute to cognitive dysfunction.

In the current study, Mielke examined white matter in the brains of females because PBOs can be associated with cognitive impairment.

Sometimes, having a PBO is medically indicated when a woman has ovarian cancer, a history of ovarian cysts, endometriosis, or ovarian torsion. Females may also opt to have their ovaries removed if genetic testing indicates a mutation in their BRCA gene, which puts them at a higher risk for both breast and ovarian cancer.

According to the study, having both ovaries removed before menopause can cause “abrupt endocrine dysfunction. as a result of removing the ovaries. The endocrine system is responsible for producing and releasing hormones, and the ovaries play a direct role in the production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone hormones.

With this in mind, Mielke wanted to see if the endocrine dysfunction caused by PBOs contributes to any physiological changes within the brain that could explain cognitive dysfunction.

The study included 1,011 female participants who had MRIs and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on file. DTI measures white matter in the brain.

Mielke divided the participants who had a PBO into the following groups:

PBO before age 40 (22 participants)

PBO between ages 40 to 45 (43 participants)

PBO between ages 46 to 49 (39 participants)

The reference group was substantially larger, with 907 participants who did not have a history of having a PBO before turning 50. After sorting out the participants into groups, Mielke compared the white matter integrity of each group.

Oophorectomy before menopause led to decreased white matter

The study found that females who underwent a PBO procedure before turning 40 had lower white matter integrity in their brains later in life compared to the reference group.

“Females who had premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy before the age of 40 had significantly reduced white matter integrity in multiple regions of the brain,” Mielke said in a news release.

Some regions of the brain that females who had PBOs before 40 saw changes in include:

·        Anterior corona radiata

·        Genu of the corpus callosum

·        Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus

·        Superior occipital

While the study maintains that these brain regions are not typically connected to cognitive decline or Alzheimer’s disease, it does mention there was a change in the superior temporal white matter, which is associated with Alzheimer’s pathology.

Females in the age 40–44 group did not show any differences in white matter integrity compared to the reference group, but females in the age 45–49 group did experience reductions in white matter volume.

Mielke took estrogen replacement therapy into consideration and noted that 80% of females in all age groups that had PBOs took hormones, so she was unsure if it had any effect on the white matter findings.

More research is necessary, but the study findings do show that females who have a PBO procedure before going through menopause may be at a higher risk for white matter decrease later in life. These initial findings may factor into someone’s decision to consider PBO for a non-life-threatening condition.

How hormones may impact cognitive impairment

Verna Porter, MD, a board certified neurologist and director of the Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurocognitive Disorders at Pacific Neuroscience Institute in Santa Monica, CA, spoke with Medical News Today about the study findings.

“The findings are very interesting since they highlight a potential long-term consequence of premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy (PBO),” Porter said.

“Women who had their ovaries removed before age 40 showed reduced white matter integrity, which suggests an increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia. This emphasizes the critical role of ovarian hormone regulation in maintaining brain structure/ function, particularly in preserving white matter integrity.”— Verna Porter, MD, neurologist

Porter explained why ovary removal could potentially contribute to cognitive impairment.

When the ovaries are removed, the body’s source of the hormones estrogen and testosterone are also removed. Both hormones have “neuroprotective properties” that contribute to brain health.

“Both hormones contribute to overall brain health, influencing mood, cognition, and neuroprotection,” Porter said.

While the study findings are concerning for females who have PBO procedures before menopause, Porter noted that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) could help reduce the risk of cognitive issues.

“Estrogen therapy, particularly when started soon after oophorectomy and within certain therapeutic windows, may help preserve white matter integrity and cognitive function,” Porter said.

However, not all females who undergo PBO are candidates for estrogen therapy afterward.

“Other strategies include lifestyle interventions such as regular physical exercise, cognitive training, a balanced diet rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids, and managing cardiovascular risk factors,” Ported added.

Jonathan Rasouli, MD, a neurosurgeon with the Department of Neurological Surgery at Staten Island University Hospital in New York, also spoke with MNT about the study.

“The study’s findings are important because they show that females who had their ovaries removed before age 40 have reduced white matter integrity later in life,” Rasouli said.

“This suggests a potential long-term impact on cognitive health and highlights the importance of hormonal balance in brain maintenance.

While this area needs more research, Rasouli noted it’s possible these findings could influence future guidelines.

“These results may influence future guidelines by highlighting the importance of preserving hormonal balance in women considering oophorectomy at an earlier age. They could lead to recommendations for monitoring cognitive health and considering HRT to mitigate risks. The findings advocate for a more nuanced approach to women’s health, particularly regarding surgical decisions and hormonal therapies.”— Jonathan Rasouli, MD, neurosurgeon.

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/ovary-removal-before-menopause-cognitive-decline-dementia-risk

Hormonal changes in the thyroid gland during pregnancy

Managing thyroid health in women involves medication, lifestyle modifications, and close monitoring during pivotal life stages to ensure optimal function and well-being.

The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall hormonal balance in the body. During significant life stages such as pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause, the thyroid gland undergoes various hormonal changes that can impact a woman's health. Understanding these changes is essential for managing and mitigating potential health issues.

Thyroid changes during pregnancy

During pregnancy, the thyroid gland undergoes significant changes to meet the increased metabolic demands of both the mother and the developing fetus.

Key hormonal changes include:

1. Increased Thyroid Hormone Production: Pregnancy induces an increase in thyroid hormone production (thyroxine, T4, and triiodothyronine, T3) by about 30-50%. This is necessary to support the increased metabolic rate and the growth and development of the fetus.

2. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): Early in pregnancy, hCG produced by the placenta can stimulate the thyroid gland, leading to increased thyroid hormone production. This can sometimes cause transient hyperthyroidism, characterized by elevated levels of thyroid hormones.

3. Estrogen Influence: According to Dr. Sonia Golani, Consultant Gynaecologist and Obstetrician, Bhailal Amin General Hospital, Vadodara, “Increased estrogen levels during pregnancy lead to higher levels of thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), a protein that transports thyroid hormones in the blood. This results in higher total thyroid hormone levels, although the free (active) hormone levels remain relatively stable.”

Impact on health

- Hyperthyroidism: Can cause symptoms like rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and anxiety. Severe cases may lead to complications such as preeclampsia and premature birth.

- Hypothyroidism: Can result in fatigue, weight gain, and depression. It's crucial for fetal brain development, and untreated hypothyroidism can lead to intellectual disabilities in the baby.

Thyroid changes postpartum

The postpartum period is marked by significant hormonal fluctuations as the body adjusts after childbirth. Thyroid changes include:

1. Postpartum Thyroiditis: This is an inflammation of the thyroid gland that occurs in about 5-10% of women within the first year after delivery. It can lead to hyperthyroidism, followed by hypothyroidism, and often returns to normal function after some time.

2. Immune System Changes: Pregnancy suppresses the immune system to tolerate the fetus, and postpartum, the immune system reactivates. This reactivation can sometimes lead to autoimmune thyroid conditions.

Impact on health

- Hyperthyroid Phase: May cause anxiety, palpitations, and weight loss.

- Hypothyroid Phase: Can lead to fatigue, weight gain, and depression. This phase is particularly concerning because it can exacerbate postpartum depression.

Thyroid changes during menopause

Menopause brings a decline in reproductive hormones, which impacts the thyroid gland. Key changes include:

1. Decreased Estrogen Levels: Lower estrogen levels can affect the thyroid gland's function and the metabolism of thyroid hormones.

2. Altered Thyroid Hormone Levels: The decrease in estrogen and other hormonal changes can lead to variations in thyroid hormone levels, sometimes mimicking hypothyroidism.

3. Increased Risk of Thyroid Disease: Aging and hormonal shifts during menopause increase the risk of developing thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules.

Impact on health

-Hypothyroidism: Symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and depression may be more pronounced and can overlap with menopausal symptoms, making diagnosis challenging.

-Hyperthyroidism: Less common but can cause symptoms like heart palpitations, weight loss, and anxiety.

Managing thyroid health in women

Awareness and monitoring are key to managing thyroid health during these critical life stages. Women should have regular thyroid function tests, particularly if they experience symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. Treatment options include:

-Medication: For both hypo- and hyperthyroidism, appropriate medication can help manage hormone levels.

-Lifestyle Modifications: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management can support thyroid health.

-Close Monitoring During Pregnancy and Postpartum: Regular thyroid function tests and adjustments in medication dosages as needed.

Conclusion

Hormonal changes in the thyroid gland during pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause have significant impacts on women's overall health. These changes necessitate careful monitoring and management to ensure well-being and mitigate potential health risks. By understanding these hormonal dynamics, women and healthcare providers can work together to maintain optimal thyroid function and overall health during these pivotal stages of life.

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/hormonal-changes-in-the-thyroid-gland-during-pregnancy/articleshow/111315567.cms

5 signs of hormonal imbalance after pregnancy

Balancing hormones post-pregnancy is crucial for my well-being and my baby's health.

For most women, post-pregnancy is a tough ride, from dealing with unique experiences to the turbulence in hormones. In fact, it is after pregnancy that a woman experiences one of the most drastic fluctuations in hormones, as the levels of estrogen and progesterone fall dramatically, bringing about some significant changes in your physical and emotional health.

Understanding these changes by recognizing the signs is crucial for new mothers. This will not only help you minimize their effect, but also enable a smoother recovery, and promote maternal and infant well-being.

Key signs of hormonal imbalance after pregnancy

After pregnancy, many women feel irritable, frustrated, annoyed, or angry. This can be linked to the drop in progesterone levels after childbirth. Progesterone is the key hormone during pregnancy, calming the brain. However, after pregnancy, its levels drop significantly, which causes a temporary imbalance and mood shifts. However, once you resume your normal menstrual cycle, your body will start producing progesterone again, restoring the normal balance in your mood.

Depressive symptoms

According to Dr. Nitika Sobti, Gynecologist & Obstetrician, Director - Cloudnine Hospital Gurugram, “About 25% of women may experience more severe depression, known as postpartum depression. Many new mothers (50-80%) also experience "baby blues," which are mild, short-term mood swings that typically occur in the first week after delivery. Symptoms such as sadness, a sense of being down, or blue, and difficulty bonding with your baby, leading to a feeling of guilt, are common after pregnancy. This is usually caused by the drop in estradiol and serotonin hormone levels after pregnancy to support breastfeeding. This drop is associated with significant mood swings, making new mothers emotionally vulnerable.”

Chronic fatigue

Low energy post-pregnancy tends to continue for longer periods and sometimes becomes a part of your everyday life. It brings with it a feeling of exhaustion and you feel overwhelmed with regular tasks, which takes a toll on your mental health as well.

Unusual weight gain or weight loss

It is absolutely normal for you to retain a healthy height after pregnancy. However, in some women, stress, and exhaustion could make it difficult to shed those kilos gained during pregnancy, or even do the opposite of rapid weight loss. Either way, it could point to a thyroid hormonal imbalance that needs to be addressed.

Irregular menstrual cycle

For some women, the menstrual cycle returns to normal in a few months to a year. This is especially true for breastfeeding mothers. However, if menstruation does not return or is irregular, it is a sign of hormonal imbalance, and you need to consult your doctor to have it diagnosed.

While the signs of hormonal imbalance could be difficult to detect since everything is new and unique for you to understand. However, recognizing these signs and differentiating “normal” from “abnormal” experiences is crucial for your overall well- being and your baby’s health as well.

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/5-signs-of-hormonal-imbalance-after-pregnancy/articleshow/111317314.cms

Non-alcoholic hepatitis: Know its causes, symptoms, treatment

‘Never tasted alcohol in my life’: Sana Makbul tears up on Bigg Boss OTT 3, reveals about fight with non-alcoholic hepatitis. Know causes, symptoms, treatment.

Television actor and model Sana Makbul is a contestant in Bigg Boss OTT 3 and recently got emotional while speaking about dealing with liver disease where she broke down and revealed about suffering from non-alcoholic hepatitis despite never having tasted alcohol all her life. Making a tearful confession, she said, “I've non- alcoholic Hepatitis - a liver disease. I'm one of those people who have never tasted alcohol in my life but has yet been diagnosed with it. People get to know about their liver disease mostly when they are in the last stage of it. I've been lucky in that case as I got to know about it pretty early.”

Sana added, “In 2021 I didn't understand what I was going through. There were days where I couldn't even get up from the bed.” In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Rajiv Kovil, Head of Diabetology at Zandra Healthcare and Co-Founder of Rang De Neela initiative, shared, “Non-alcoholic hepatitis, also known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a condition characterised by the accumulation of fat in the liver. This condition is not caused by excessive alcohol consumption, as the name suggests, but rather by a variety of factors that can lead to the development of liver inflammation and damage.”

Dr Rajiv Kovil revealed, “Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. The estimated global incidence of NAFLD is 47 cases per 1,000 population and is higher among males than females In India The prevalence of NAFLD is found to be more than 25% globally and 9% to 32% in the general Indian population. The exact causes of non-alcoholic hepatitis are not fully understood, but it is believed to be linked to factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders. Individuals with conditions like type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are at a higher risk of developing non-alcoholic hepatitis.”

The progression of non-alcoholic hepatitis can vary from individual to individual. Dr Rajiv Kovil informed, “In some cases, the condition may remain relatively mild, with the liver able to function normally despite the presence of fat. However, in more severe cases, the inflammation can lead to the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can eventually progress to cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) and even liver failure.”

He added, “Symptoms of non-alcoholic hepatitis are often subtle in the early stages and may include fatigue, abdominal discomfort, and a feeling of fullness. As the condition worsens, individuals may experience more severe symptoms, such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fluid retention and difficulty with blood clotting.”

Traetment:

According to Dr Rajiv Kovil, treatment for non-alcoholic hepatitis typically involves addressing the underlying factors that contribute to the condition. He explained, “This may include weight loss through diet and exercise, management of diabetes or other metabolic disorders, and the use of medications to reduce inflammation and improve liver function. On March 14, 2024, resmetirom (Rezdiffra) became the first drug approved by the US FDA for treating patients with noncirrhotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; recently renamed metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis, or MASH) and moderate-to-advanced hepatic fibrosis.”

He elaborated, “Resmetirom is a pill that activates the thyroid hormone receptor that reduces liver fat accumulation. Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists like Semaglutide and Tirzepatide may reduce the risk of developing cirrhosis, liver cancer, and other adverse liver outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic liver disease, though none of them have got a labeled indication to treat NAFLD. In cases where the condition has progressed to cirrhosis or liver failure, more intensive treatments, such as liver transplantation, may be necessary.”

Early detection and management of non-alcoholic hepatitis are crucial in preventing the development of more severe liver disease. Regular checkups with a healthcare provider and lifestyle modifications can play a significant role in managing this condition and improving overall liver health.

https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/bigg-boss-ott-3-sana-makbul-makes-tearful-confession-about-non-alcoholic-hepatitis-know-causes-symptoms-treatment-101719499858591.html

Two Zika virus cases reported in Pune: Health experts warn of long-term infection risks

Zika virus alert: Pune reports cases, experts discuss long-term health impacts of the mosquito-borne disease.

The Zika virus is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, known to transmit infections like dengue and chikungunya. Two cases have been reported so far in Pune where the infection was reported in a 46-year-old doctor from Erandwane and his 15-year-old daughter. Did you know a majority of those infected with Zika either remain asymptomatic (up to 80%) or show mild symptoms of fever, rash, conjunctivitis, body aches and joint pains?

In an interview with HT Lifestyle, Dr Jinendra Jain, consultant physician at Wockhardt Hospital in Mumbai's Mira Road, shared, “The Zika virus has emerged as a global health concern in recent years. While the immediate symptoms of Zika infection may be relatively mild, the long-term effects of the virus are now becoming more apparent, particularly in relation to pregnancy and child development.”

Mitigating the Long-Term Impacts of Zika Virus:

One of the most significant long-term consequences of Zika virus infection is the potential for congenital abnormalities in babies born to infected mothers. Dr Jinendra Jain explained, “The virus has been linked to a severe birth defect called microcephaly, characterised by an abnormally small head and underdeveloped brain. Children with microcephaly may face lifelong challenges, including developmental delays, intellectual disabilities and neurological problems. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that the Zika virus may have long-term effects on the cognitive and motor skills of children born to infected mothers, even in the absence of microcephaly.”

He elaborated, “These children may experience difficulties with language development, learning, and coordination, highlighting the need for comprehensive and ongoing medical care and support. As the scientific community continues to investigate the long-term implications of Zika virus infection, it is crucial for individuals, especially those planning a pregnancy, to stay informed and follow the guidance of public health authorities. Preventive measures, early detection, and access to appropriate medical services can play a vital role in mitigating the potential long-term impacts of this emerging global health challenge.”

Neurological Complications from Zika Virus: A Serious Concern

Dr Sachin Nalavade, senior consultant physician, diabetologist and intensivist at Medicover Hospitals in Navi Mumbai, added, “The Zika virus is known to cause neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome which can be life-threatening and other autoimmune disorders. If a woman is pregnant then the Zika virus can raise the chances of congenital (present at birth) conditions in the baby, such as vision loss or improper brain development. Zika virus will also lead to microcephaly where the baby's head is smaller than expected as compared to the baby's age. Pregnant women need to take utmost care and prevent the infection of this virus. So, take charge of your health and you will surely be able to keep the Zika virus at bay.”

https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/zika-virus-in-pune-mild-symptoms-to-severe-birth-defects-know-hidden-dangers-and-long-term-effects-of-zika-infection-101719485782730.html

We find out if you can actually ‘blow dry’ chronic cough away

Coughing is typically caused by irritation in the respiratory tract, such as from infections, allergies, or chronic conditions like asthma, described Dr Syed Abdul

Can this method help you get rid of cough? (Source: Freepik)

Social media can be both — informative and impossible to believe. Case in point an Instagram post that suggested using a dryer — wait for it — not for your hair but to reduce cough. Now that was a first! According to Jimmy Yen, CEO and founder of Achieve Integrative Health page on Instagram, blow drying your chest and back can help get relief in case of chronic cough.

According to Yen,

*Aim your blow dryer at your chest and gently move it around it feels warm. “This boosts blood circulation to your lungs, easing inflammation and clearing mucus,” claimed Yen.

*If possible, blow dry your back too. “Enlist some help if needed, but be cautious not to burn yourself,” said Yen.

*Continue blow drying until both your chest and back feel warm. “This warmth opens up your airways and loosens mucus, making it easier to cough out. Don’t worry if you cough more initially — it means it’s working to clear out the gunk,” mentioned Yen.

So, we turned to an expert to understand whether this simple practice can help you find relief from “chronic cough”.

Dr Syed Abdul Aleem, consultant pulmonologist, CARE Hospitals Musheerabad said that blow drying your chest and back is unlikely to directly reduce a cough. “Coughing is typically caused by irritation in the respiratory tract, such as from infections, allergies, or chronic conditions like asthma. While warm air might provide some temporary comfort or help ease muscle tension, it does not address the underlying cause of a cough,” said Dr Aleem.

Can you blow dry cough? (Source: Achieve Integrative Health/Instagram)

For effective cough relief, consider the following approaches:

1. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids to help thin mucus and keep your throat moist, said Dr Aleem.

2. Humidify the air: Using a humidifier can help keep the air moist, which may soothe irritated airways.

3. Rest: Ensure you get adequate rest to help your body fight off infections.

4. Over-the-counter remedies: Cough suppressants or expectorants can provide temporary relief, said Dr Aleem.

5. Medical consultation: “See a doctor if the cough persists for more than a few weeks or is accompanied by other severe symptoms like high fever, chest pain, or difficulty breathing,” noted Dr Aleem.

If you believe your cough is related to muscle tension or irritation due to cold air, “using warm compresses or taking a warm shower might be more effective than blow drying”, advised Dr Aleem. “However, for any persistent or severe cough, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional,” said Dr Aleem.

Dr Harish Chafle, senior consultant, intensivist chest physician, bronchoscopists and sleep disorders specialist, Gleneagles Hospital Parel said that instead of hair dryer, hot water steam is very useful for getting rid of thick inspissated secretions from the upper and lower airway. “Hot water steam is considered as the best mucolytic agent available rather than taking mucolytic cough syrups. Using hair dryer is a bad idea as prolonged use can dry out one’s skin and cause chafing,” said Dr Chafle.

https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/blow-dry-cough-out-chest-experts-9385158/

New research gives multivitamin hype a reality check: They don't make you healthier or increase life span

Multivitamins are all anyone can rave about. They have been the talk of the town, with people popping the colorful pills to boost their physical vitality. Put on a pedestal, multivitamins are seen as magical, tiny pills that have the potential to bridge nutritional gaps. Claimed to benefit health and reduce the chance of chronic illness, new research has, however, wrecked the shrine of frenzied fascination for multivitamins. In one of the longest research studies undertaken, the National Cancer Institute refuted these ‘supposed’ benefits of multivitamins. The findings, published in JAMA Network Open, lacked proper evidence to support popular beliefs regarding multivitamins. The study included more than 390,000 healthy Americans, tracking their multivitamin usage and comparing the effects on users and non-users.

Multivitamins are consumed to improve health and lower the risk of life-threatening diseases. Interestingly, researchers found that frequent multivitamin users had a slightly higher mortality rate. Although the difference was small, multivitamins barely improved the quality of life. The participants, who belonged to diverse age groups, genders, and lifestyles, did not experience any significant benefits from multivitamins, contradicting the claims made in loud advertisements.

It is particularly shocking for Americans, despite the strong branding of multivitamins as health boosters. Ads promoted them as a blueprint for a healthy life and even labeled them as an ‘insurance policy’ for good health. By leveraging fear-based marketing that catered to insecurities about dwindling health, and coupled with the bandwagon effect of widespread acceptance, marketers were able to connect with consumers on a subconscious level. No wonder the sales skyrocketed. However, nutritionists were always skeptical of these magic pills and questioned how these synthetic pills could capture the natural nutrients of whole foods.

Multivitamins’ bad rep doesn't need to antagonise other supplements. Certain groups like pregnant women and older adults with a restricted diet, may benefit from specific types of multivitamins, although strictly under doctor’s supervision. However, the study uncovered that regular pill intake for healthy adults yields no positive results and does not extend lifespan.

Good lifestyle is irreplaceable

There’s no shortcut for hard work. To achieve good health, one needs to be mindful of their lifestyle by eating healthy, exercising, and not smoking. A healthy routine has a higher probability of extending lifespan.

https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/health/new-research-gives-multivitamin-hype-a-reality-check-they-dont-make-you-healthier-or-increase-life-span-101719492545538.html

Scientists develop new methods to detect Huntington's disease progression

A team of scientists in the UK developed non-invasive measurement techniques and novel analysis methods to decode disease progression and evaluate the effect of potential treatments or lifestyle changes in people with Huntington's disease.

Huntington's is a genetic disease where the brain’s nerve cells (neurons) gradually break down and die. The condition leads to dementia, with a progressive decline in an individual's movement, memory, and cognition. There is currently no cure.

The team from Lancaster University in the UK showed that Huntington's disease not only affects nerve cells in the brain but also has widespread effects on microscopic blood vessels.

The changes were also observed before symptoms of the disease appeared, demonstrating the potential for this research to predict brain health and evaluate the beneficial effects of lifestyle changes or treatments.

Professor Aneta Stefanovska of Lancaster University said that they hope that the novel method can help “monitor the disease progression and evaluate the effect of potential treatments or lifestyle changes” in people with “Huntington's and other neurodegenerative diseases.”

Professor Aneta added that the study would also lead to “new treatments of Huntington's disease targeting the vasculature and brain metabolism."

In their study, published in the journal Brain Communications, the team investigated changes in the coordination between neuronal activity and the brain's oxygenation in Huntington's disease.

They combined non-invasive measurement techniques and novel analysis methods -- probes emitting infrared light were placed on the heads of participants in the study.

Using infrared light, the researchers could measure the brain's blood oxygenation.

Further, using electrodes, which can measure electrical activity from neurons, the team studied the many rhythms related to brain and cardiovascular system functioning via mathematical techniques.

These rhythms included the heart and respiration rates, related to the transport of nutrients and oxygen, as well as slower rhythms associated with local control of blood flow.

The team explained that brain activity manifests in faster rhythms. Efficient functioning of the brain depends on how well all these rhythms are orchestrated.

https://www.newkerala.com/news/2024/33081.htm

Insomnia loss can raise risk of ovarian cancer, impact survival: Experts

Women with sleep loss condition insomnia may be at significant risk of developing ovarian cancer, said experts on Tuesday.

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder that can make it difficult for a person to fall asleep or stay asleep. People with the condition are also likely to wake up too early and not be able to get back to sleep. They may continue to feel tired after waking up.

“Insomnia, commonly linked to stress and anxiety, may also play a role in the risk and survival rates of ovarian cancer patients. Research suggests that disturbed sleep patterns could heighten inflammation and weaken the immune system, potentially fostering cancer growth,” Dr. Kinjal Kothari, Associate Consultant - Obstetrics and Gynecology, Manipal Hospital, Goa, told IANS.

A recent study published in the Lancet shows that treating insomnia in high-grade ovarian cancers can improve survival. The study also proposed that treating insomnia may be able to prevent ovarian cancer. Cancer incidence and prevalence are on a rising trend. With the trend, there is a blazing need to study the patterns of the disease and ways to improve the survival and quality of life of the patient.

“Sleep disorders are common among cancer patients. It may be a sleepless or abnormal sleep-wake cycle; probably more than half of the patients are affected. The patient's quality of life is negatively impacted,” Dr. Karthik K S, Consultant Surgical Oncology, KMC Hospital, Mangalore, told IANS.

Sleep symptoms may also be due to the psychological impact (like anxiety and depression) of the disease on the patient and the family, the doctor said. “Patients may have sleep loss because of pain and pressure symptoms of the cancer. Side effects and complications of treatment like nausea and vomiting can also affect sleep,” Dr. Karthik said.

Dr. M.A. Raja, Director & Senior Consultant - Medical Oncology, MGM Cancer Institute, Chennai told IANS that sleep disorders, such as insomnia, are known to increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers and negatively affect their prognosis.

“Sleep is essential for the human body, intricately involved in endocrine, metabolic, and immunoregulatory pathways, which are also implicated in various cancers. These shared pathways may account for the increased risk of sleep disturbances among cancer patients, with insomnia being the most prevalent,” the doctor said.

Moreover, insomnia often leads to poorer mental health, which can indirectly affect treatment adherence and overall well-being during cancer therapy. Understanding this connection underscores the importance of addressing sleep disturbances in cancer care.

“Developing tailored interventions, such as cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, could potentially improve outcomes for ovarian cancer patients by promoting better sleep and bolstering resilience against the disease,” Dr. Kinjal said.

https://www.newkerala.com/news/2024/33292.htm

Study decodes how pathogens infect human lung tissue

A new study on Monday showed novel insights into how pathogens invade the lungs using lab-grown lung microtissues generated from human stem cells.

The team from the Biozentrum of the University of Basel in Switzerland focussed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, part of WHO’s list of 12 of the world’s most dangerous bacterial pathogens.

The bacterium targets specific lung cells and has developed a sophisticated strategy to break through the lungs’ line of defence. It is especially threatening to immunocompromised patients and those on mechanical ventilation, with mortality rates up to 50 per cent.
In the journal Nature Microbiology, the team describes how Pseudomonas breaches the top layer of lung tissue and invades deeper areas by using lab-grown human lung microtissues that realistically mimic the infection process inside a patient’s body. "These lung models enabled us to uncover the pathogen’s infection strategy. It uses the mucus-producing goblet cells as Trojan horses to invade and cross the barrier tissue. By targeting the goblet cells, which make up only a small part of the lung mucosa, the bacteria can breach the defence line and open the gate," said Prof Urs Jenal at the Biozentrum.
Pseudomonas attacks and invades the goblet cells via secretion systems. It then replicates inside the cells and ultimately kills them. The burst of the dead cells leads to ruptures in the tissue layer, affecting the protective barrier. With this, the pathogens rapidly colonise and spread into deeper tissue regions.
Jenal’s team also developed a biosensor to measure and track a small signalling molecule called c-di-GMP in individual bacteria in real-time.https://www.newkerala.com/news/2024/33156.htm