Prenatal maternal mental health is important not only for the mother’s wellbeing but also for the child’s. Mental health’s roots start right from the womb and are influenced by the physical and mental condition of the mother. A study published in Psychoneuroendocrinology found that children of mothers who suffered higher stress levels during pregnancy were more likely to show signs of depression and anxiety later in adolescence. This study highlights the consequences of prenatal stress and the need for greater attention to maternal mental wellbeing during pregnancy.
Prolonged stress during pregnancy can be detrimental
to the child. During stress, hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline are
triggered as part of the fight-or-flight response. However, prolonged exposure
to these stress hormones due to continuous stress can be harmful to the baby.
The study found a link between higher maternal stress and increased levels of
IL-6, a protein that plays a major role in immune responses and inflammation.
Elevated IL-6 levels are associated to a wide range of health problems,
indicating that prenatal stress may mould a child's immune system, setting the
stage for serious future health issues.
Increases
the chance of depression and anxiety
The study authors said, “Our findings suggest that
prenatal maternal stress is associated with IL-6 in childhood, and with
depression and GAD [generalized anxiety disorder] in adolescence. Results
highlight the importance of early-life strategies to minimize children’s risk
towards mental disorders. The prenatal and postnatal periods may be sensitive
windows to reduce the potential impacts of chronic stress on mothers and
children given that pregnant individuals and new parents may experience more
contact with health care systems.”
The researchers further highlighted the need for early
interventions. It should be aimed at lowering prenatal stress to mitigate the
risk of mental health disorders in children.
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