Study finds pregnancy hypertension raises women's cardiovascular risk

Women who experience hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) face significantly higher risks of cardiovascular complications, including heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and death, within five years of giving birth, according to a new study by Intermountain Health researchers.

The study found that women who experienced HDP during pregnancy were significantly more likely to develop serious cardiovascular-related issues compared to those without HDP. These findings underscore the growing body of evidence over the past two decades linking pregnancy-related hypertension to long-term maternal health risks."Any form of hypertension during pregnancy significantly increases cardiovascular risk and the risk of death," said Kismet Rasmusson, NP, principal investigator of the study and an advanced practice clinician with Intermountain Health's Advanced Heart Failure Program. "This risk is present in women with chronic hypertension prior to pregnancy, and it's even more pronounced when compounded by severe forms of HDP, such as eclampsia."

The findings were presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2025 in New Orleans on Sunday, November 9.

In this retrospective study, researchers analyzed 218,141 live births involving 157,606 patients across 22 Intermountain Health hospitals between 2017 and 2024. They reviewed electronic medical records for diagnoses of chronic hypertension and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia. Patients were then monitored for cardiovascular disease for an average of five years following delivery.

19.7 per cent of patients had an HDP diagnosis, with most cases occurring during the first live birth. Patients with HDP had significantly more cardiovascular risk factors, including obesity, smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, depression, and lower socioeconomic status. HDP was most strongly associated with increased risk of heart failure (3 to 13 greater risk), but also for stroke (2-17 greater risk), heart attack (3 to 7 greater risk), coronary artery disease (2 to 7 greater risk), and death (1.4 to 4 greater risk).

The severity of HDP correlated with higher cardiovascular risk. Women with chronic hypertension and eclampsia had the greatest risk of future cardiovascular events compared to those without HDP.

Despite these alarming statistics, many pregnant women remain unaware of the long-term cardiovascular risks associated with HDP.

"We need to do a better job identifying women with these risk factors and ensuring they receive appropriate care before, during, and after pregnancy," said Rasmusson. "This is especially critical for those with severe forms of HDP."

Rasmusson emphasised the importance of cross-disciplinary care for women at risk.

"Traditionally, this has been the domain of OB-GYNs and nurse midwives, but our findings show it's an 'all hands-on deck' situation," she said. "At Intermountain, we're integrating primary care and cardiology into the care teams for high-risk patients, creating a comprehensive clinical care model to address this growing concern."

This groundbreaking research highlights the urgent need for increased awareness, early intervention, and collaborative care to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality linked to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, she said. (ANI)

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