Google Trends data maps trajectory, interest in swine flu highest in north, north-west India

With a prolonged and bitter winter, 6,601 cases of swine flu had been recorded across India by February 3 this year. Already, the number of cases this year is the fourth highest in the past eight years, the period for which year-wise data is available from the National Centre for Disease Control. The highest number of cases in the past eight years was registered in 2015, when a total of 42,592 cases were reported in the country, 6.5 times the cases reported so far this year. To be sure, more than 10 months are still left for 2019 to end. 

An HT analysis of Google Trends data for India has found that past outbreaks of the disease led to an increased interest on it in terms of Google searches. A further analysis of common search terms related to the disease this year shows that interest in it was concentrated in north and north-west India. However, the trends in statewise interest in the disease in Google search is not in keeping with the state-wise trend in number of reported cases of swine flu.

For example, between January 2014 and February 2019, the peak interest in search terms ‘swine flu’, ‘swine flu symptoms’, and ‘swine flu vaccine’ was observed in the February 15 to February 21 week of 2015, the year when maximum number of swine flu cases were reported.

Between 2016 and 2019, notable spikes in the same search terms have occurred in February and August 2017, October 2018, and January-February 2019. Comparison of year wise peaks shows that the highest peak was observed in 2017, followed by 2019 and 2018.

Among the three terms ‘swine flu’ is the most searched throughout. This year up to February 3, while interest in the term increased continuously until January 30, there was a spike on January 17, the day on which the news of BJP president Amit Shah getting admitted to AIIMS for treatment of swine flu broke.

A sub –region wise analysis shows that interest for ‘swine flu’ was concentrated in north India, after adjusting for search volumes, with the highest interest in Punjab. Punjab has recorded the eighth highest number of swine flu cases in the period, and 3rd highest number of deaths due to the disease this year. Rajasthan, which has recorded the highest number of swine flu cases and deaths in the same period, had the fifth highest interest in the search term.

Looking at just one search term may not reflect the true regional distribution of interest in the disease. People looking for information on the disease may also type in terms in addition to ‘swine flu’ in their search phrase. For example, one might search for ‘symptoms of swine flu’ or ‘best hospital to get treated for swine flu’, etc.

Google Trends data shows that the top five searches related to ‘swine flu’ were ‘swine flu symptoms’, ‘symptoms of swine flu’, ‘swine flu in hindi’, ‘swine flu symptoms hindi’, and ‘swine flu vaccine’.

The fastest rising search phrase for this period was ‘swine flu ke lakshan’, Hindi translation for ‘symptoms of swine flu’.

Interest in these search phrases is also concentrated in north and north-west India, with interest in Hindi search results through phrases like ‘swine flu in hindi’ and ‘swine flu ke lakshan’ concentrated in Rajasthan.

Source: Hindustan Times

Battling more than just a disease: on leprosy

The fight to end discrimination, stigma and prejudice against people afflicted with leprosy
rages on in India, which reported the highest number of new cases in the world in 2017.

Bindu Shajan Perappadan speaks to Vagavathali Narsappa, who was abandoned as a child
due to his medical condition, about the changing dialogue around leprosy
“Leprosy does not kill, but the social discrimination, isolation and disability associated with
the disease do not allow people to reach their potential, which is worse than death,” said
Vagavathali Narsappa, who works with the Association of People Affected by Leprosy
(APAL-India), a support group for leprosy patients.

The 55-year-old activist was abandoned by his parents at the age of nine when he was
diagnosed with the disease. Left to fend for himself on the streets, the disease quickly spread
to his fingers, which eventually had to be amputated.

“I met my wife at the leprosy hospital where we were both being treated. We have been
blessed with two girls... we now work for APAL to support people afflicted with leprosy,”
said Mr. Narsappa, who was recently in the Capital to participate in leprosy eradicationrelated
programmes.

Timely treatment
One of the biggest challenges in the battle against leprosy is that one in every 10 new leprosy
patients is a child, he said, adding: “Unlike other diseases, leprosy does not have a
vaccination or a preventive pill... the fact that leprosy can cause childhood disabilities makes
awareness and timely treatment vital.”

Older patients are also vulnerable, with untreated ulcers often proving to be fatal. “The
government and various organisations working in this area are doing their bit but the stigma
attached to leprosy still remains... though people are more open to diagnosis and treatment
now,” said Mr. Narsappa.

While welcoming the passing of a Bill excluding leprosy as grounds for divorce, the activist
said that society’s mindset needs to change too.

“My dream and mission is to work towards zero disability, and for that to happen we need to
create awareness, remove misconceptions about leprosy, have early detection and voluntary
reporting. School curriculum should make children aware that early detection can prevent
disability. People afflicted with leprosy should be made partners in policy making,” said Mr.
Narsappa.

Last-mile efforts in leprosy eradication will need enabling environments where people
afflicted by the disease feel comfortable in coming forward and seeking treatment, he said,
adding that till this happens eradicating leprosy “will remain a distant dream for India”.

World Leprosy Day
In India, World Leprosy Day is celebrated on January 30 to commemorate the death
anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. The date was chosen by French humanitarian Raoul
Follereau as a tribute to the life of the Mahatma, who had compassion for people afflicted
with leprosy.

This year’s theme was ‘ending discrimination, stigma, and prejudice’.
Several reports have revealed that a majority of leprosy patients have experienced some form
of social stigma and discrimination and nearly 50% end up suffering from mental health
issues such as depression or anxiety.

Know the disease
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae
Leprosy is a major cause of physical disabilities. Timely detection and treatment of cases,
before nerve damage sets in, is the most effective way of preventing disabilities due to the
disease.

The year 2000 marked the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem at the global
level - a significant milestone in history. Elimination means the prevalence of less than one
case per 10,000 population, globally. The elimination target was also achieved by most of the
endemic countries at the national level by the end of 2005

Approximately 96% of leprosy cases are limited to 15 countries, which report more than
1,000 new cases annually

In the early 1980s, the World Health Organization introduced multidrug therapy (MDT),
which revolutionised treatment of leprosy

MDT offers multiple benefits: The infected person ceases to be infective after a single dose;
it is a complete treatment; and it reduces the risk of disabilities and consequent stigma.

Source: The Hindu