August 04, 2017

Mortality, other losses ascribed to poor breastfeeding can cost Indian economy $14 billion



Young Indian mother breastfeeding her newborn child, Amber near Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Nearly one lakh children die every year in India due to diseases that could have been
prevented through breastfeeding, according to a United Nations report, which also notes that
mortality and other losses attributed to inadequate breastfeeding can cost the country’s
economy $14 billion.

The Global Breastfeeding Scorecard, a new report by the United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF) and World Health Organisation (WHO) in collaboration with the Global
Breastfeeding Collective, points out that breastfeeding not only helps prevent diarrhoea and
pneumonia, two major causes of death in infants, it also helps reduce mothers’ risk of ovarian
and breast cancer, two leading causes of death among women.

In China, India, Nigeria, Mexico and Indonesia alone, inadequate breastfeeding is responsible
for more than 2,36,000 child deaths each year.

In these countries, the estimated future economic cost of mortality and cognitive losses
attributed to inadequate breastfeeding are estimated to be almost USD 119 billion a year.
The report says that despite a reported 55 per cent exclusive breastfeeding rate in children
below the age of six months, the large population in India and high under five mortality
means that an estimated 99,499 children die each year as a result of cases of diarrhoea and
pneumonia that could have been prevented through early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive
breastfeeding for the first six months, and continued breastfeeding.

Further, the high level of child mortality and growing number of deaths in women from
cancers and type II diabetes attributable to inadequate breastfeeding is estimated to drain the
Indian economy of $7 billion. Together with another $7 billion in costs related to cognitive
losses, India is poised to lose an estimated $14 billion in its economy, or 0.70 per cent of its
Gross National Income.

“Breastfeeding gives babies the best possible start in life,” says Tedros Adhanom
Ghebreyesus, WHO Director General.

Breastmilk works like a baby’s first vaccine, protecting infants from potentially deadly
diseases and giving them all the nourishment they need to survive and thrive, he adds.
Yet, the scorecard, which evaluated 194 nations, reveals that no country in the world fully
meets the recommended breastfeeding standards. It found that only 40 per cent of children
younger than six months are given nothing but breastmilk and only 23 countries have
exclusive breastfeeding rates above 60 per cent.

The scorecard was released at the start of World Breastfeeding Week alongside a new
analysis, demonstrating that an annual investment of only $4.70 per newborn is required to
increase the global rate of exclusive breastfeeding among children under six months to 50 per
cent by 2025.

The analysis suggests that meeting this target can save the lives of 5,20,000 children under
the age of five and potentially generate $300 billion in economic gains over 10 years, as a
result of reduced illness and health care costs and increased productivity.

“Breastfeeding is one of the most effective — and cost effective — investments nations can
make in the health of their youngest members and the future health of their economies and
societies,” says UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake.

“By failing to invest in breastfeeding, we are failing mothers and their babies — and paying a
double price: in lost lives and in lost opportunity.”

Globally, investment in breastfeeding is far too low. Each year, governments in lower and
middle income countries spend approximately $250 million on breastfeeding promotion —
donors provide only an additional $85 million.

Source: The Hindu

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