Fatty liver, medically known as hepatic steatosis, is a prevalent and concerning condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat within liver cells. This condition has become increasingly common in recent years and poses significant health risks. Understanding the common causes of fatty liver is essential for prevention and proper management.
Dr. D Rahul, Consultant, Medical Gastroenterologist, Hepatologist and Therapeutic Endoscopist, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad says, “Obesity is a major contributing factor to the development of fatty liver. When an individual is overweight or obese, their body's fat stores increase, and excess fat can also accumulate in the liver. This excessive fat deposition in the liver can lead to a condition called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of obesity in modern society has made NAFLD one of the most common liver disorders worldwide.”
The Western diet, characterized by a high intake of unhealthy fats, added sugars, and processed foods, plays a significant role in the rising incidence of fatty liver. Consuming excessive calories and lacking essential nutrients can overload the liver's ability to metabolize fats efficiently, resulting in the storage of fat within liver cells.
“Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It is often associated with obesity and can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance and diabetes can contribute to fatty liver as insulin plays a crucial role in fat metabolism, and impaired insulin function can lead to fat accumulation in the liver,” says Dr. Rahul.
Alcohol abuse is a well-established cause of fatty liver. Excessive alcohol intake can lead to alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), which is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver cells. Even moderate alcohol consumption can be detrimental to the liver and contribute to fatty liver in susceptible individuals.
According to Dr. Rahul, “Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that includes obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, and abnormal lipid profiles. People with metabolic syndrome are at an elevated risk of developing fatty liver due to the combined effects of these metabolic abnormalities on liver function.”
“Other contributing factors to fatty liver include rapid weight loss, certain medications, viral hepatitis, and genetic predisposition. Additionally, certain medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), may also increase the risk of fatty liver.
“Early detection and appropriate management are essential to prevent disease progression and potential liver-related complications. Lifestyle modifications, including adopting a balanced and healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, are key components of fatty liver prevention and management. For individuals at risk or those already diagnosed with fatty liver, seeking medical advice from healthcare professionals is crucial for tailored interventions and regular monitoring of liver health,” advises Dr. Rahul.
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